Devon's History and Heritage

Did you know Devon is home to the youngest castle in England? Castle Drogo, which is full of interesting architecture and surrounded by beautiful walks. Did you also know that some of the oldest settlements in England were found in Devon?

Devon has many historic houses and buildings to explore, including Buckfast Abbey, Powderham Castle and Exeter Cathedral. We’ve also an abundance of historic tors, which can be found scattered all around Dartmoor and Exmoor, as well as historic landmarks and attractions including Smeaton’s Tower in Plymouth and the South Devon Railway in Buckfastleigh.

Devon's ancient history

Devon’s history traces back to prehistoric times, with evidence of human settlements as early as the Paleolithic Era. Archaeologists have discovered ancient tools and stone implements that highlight the lives of Devon’s earliest inhabitants. Sites such as Kents Cavern in Torquay feature some of the oldest known artefacts in the British Isles, dating back over 500,000 years. These findings provide a glimpse into Devon’s prehistoric period and attract both archaeologists and visitors eager to step back into the Stone Age.

Roman Devon: Establishing Settlements

During the Roman invasion of Britain in the first century AD, Devon became an important part of Roman expansion. Remains of Roman forts, particularly in Exeter (known as “Isca Dumnoniorum” in Roman times), illustrate how the Romans established Devon as a centre for military and trade activities. Exeter was fortified with walls and gates, some of which can still be seen today. The remnants of Roman baths, roads, and pottery offer insight into how Roman culture influenced life in Devon, blending with the local traditions of the native Dumnonii tribe.

Devon in the Middle Ages: Castles, Churches, and Market Towns

The medieval period saw Devon flourish with castles, churches, and bustling market towns. Notable sites include Exeter Cathedral, a remarkable example of Gothic architecture that has stood as a place of worship and community for over 800 years. Totnes Castle and Okehampton Castle are two of Devon’s most iconic medieval fortresses, offering panoramic views and fascinating histories of feudal life, royal conflicts, and defence.

As trade developed, towns such as Tavistock, Honiton, and Barnstaple became central to Devon’s economy, contributing to the region’s growth. Many of these medieval towns still host vibrant markets today, where local goods and traditional crafts are sold, preserving Devon’s cultural heritage and connecting the past with the present.

The Seafaring Legacy: Devon’s Maritime Heritage

Devon’s coastal location has been integral to its seafaring heritage. In the Age of Discovery, notable explorers such as Sir Francis Drake and Sir Walter Raleigh hailed from Devon, contributing to England’s expansion and maritime dominance. The port of Plymouth played a crucial role in Britain’s naval power, and today, The Mayflower Steps in Plymouth mark where the Pilgrims set sail for America in 1620.

Devon’s maritime history continues to be celebrated in towns like Brixham and Dartmouth, where visitors can explore historic harbours, shipwreck museums, and the enduring fishing traditions that remain an essential part of Devon’s culture.

Industrial Revolution and the Growth of Devon

While the Industrial Revolution transformed much of England, Devon retained much of its rural charm. However, the period did bring advancements in mining and railroads, connecting Devon to the rest of the country and boosting its economy. Tavistock became a hub for copper mining, and the remnants of these mines offer a glimpse into Devon’s industrial past. The introduction of the railway in the 19th century opened up Devon’s natural beauty to tourists, marking the beginning of Devon’s rise as a popular travel destination.

Fascinating History and Heritage

There are many exciting trails you can follow to discover Devon’s heritage, such as the Exeter Woollen Trail around Exeter city centre, The Laira Heritage Trail along the Plym Estuary, The Blue Plaque heritage trail in the English Riviera and Sidmouth, Plym’s Old Lines Walk,  The Tarka Trail, the Ted Hughes Poetry Trail and a whole host of different coastal trails in North Devon.  

Devon's top historical sites

Whether you’re exploring the rugged beauty of Dartmoor or the ancient coastal paths of South Devon, there are countless ways to engage with Devon’s storied past.

Key sites include:

• Dartmoor National Park – Explore prehistoric stone circles and medieval villages.
• Exeter’s Underground Passages – A unique network of medieval tunnels beneath the city.
• Buckland Abbey – Former home of Sir Francis Drake, filled with artefacts and Tudor history.
• Powderham Castle – A grand, centuries-old castle still owned by the Courtenay family.

Devon’s Unique Cultural Heritage and Traditions

Devon’s heritage is not only preserved in its buildings and landmarks but also in its traditions and festivals. Local customs, such as Devon cream teas and Morris dancing, keep the spirit of the region alive. Annual events like the Sidmouth Folk Festival celebrate Devon’s traditional music and dance, attracting visitors from across the UK and beyond.

Devon’s dialect and folklore, including tales of Pixies and ghost stories, contribute to its unique charm and cultural richness, offering a more intimate look at the beliefs and customs that have been passed down through generations.